CRISPR Pigs Approved for Food: A Biotech Revolution in the Making

The world of biotechnology witnessed a groundbreaking moment with the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) recent approval of CRISPR-engineered pigs designed by Genus, a British biotechnology company. These genetically modified pigs are resistant to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), a virus that inflicts severe economic and welfare costs on pig farming each year.

The PRRS Challenge

PRRS poses a substantial threat to pig farming, particularly in the United States where intensive farming practices are common. Most notably, the virus endangers piglets, leading to economic impacts estimated to cost the industry $300 million annually. Besides economic losses, PRRS also raises animal welfare concerns, underscoring the need for innovative solutions.

CRISPR’s Role in Revolutionizing Livestock

CRISPR, a cutting-edge gene-editing tool, has been employed by Genus to develop pigs that lack a receptor needed by the PRRS virus to infect cells. This genetic modification renders the pigs immune to over 99% of PRRS strains. This represents one of the first significant consumer applications of gene editing, demonstrating CRISPR’s vast potential to address significant challenges in agricultural settings.

Navigating Regulatory Pathways

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), particularly animals, typically face rigorous regulatory scrutiny. Historically, approval processes have spanned decades—as evidenced by genetically modified salmon. However, CRISPR technology, which alters existing genes instead of introducing foreign DNA, has encountered fewer regulatory barriers, facilitating a quicker path to approval.

Weighing Economic and Ethical Implications

While the ethical discourse surrounding animal gene editing is less heated compared to human applications, it cannot be ignored. However, the promise of substantial economic gains is evident. With healthier livestock, costs are reduced for farmers, which could translate to more affordable pork for consumers. The market has already responded positively, with Genus’s stock value seeing notable increases following the USDA’s decision.

Beyond PRRS: The Future of Gene-Edited Livestock

Research efforts are not stopping with PRRS. Scientists are exploring ways to make livestock resistant to a broader range of diseases, including African swine fever and influenza, diseases that pose serious threats to global livestock industries. Genus is preparing to expand its market reach, giving consumers the possibility of seeing gene-edited pork in grocery stores as soon as next year.

Conclusion

The USDA’s approval of CRISPR-engineered pigs marks a transformative moment in the evolution of biotechnology. This innovation not only promises to enhance livestock disease resistance but also sets the stage for redefining agricultural practices. As discussions continue over ethical considerations, the undeniable benefits and practicality of gene-edited livestock suggest a future where biotechnology plays an integral role in ensuring sustainable and efficient food production systems around the globe.